RESUMEN
Se considera hemorragia obstétrica grave cuando el sangrado vaginal excede los 1,000 ml, la contracción del útero constituye el meca-
nismo primario para el control de la hemorragia. La definición operacional debe considerar a toda mujer con sangrado genital excesivo
después del parto y la aparición de signos y síntomas de hipovolemia e inestabilidad hemodinámica (hipotensión, taquicardia, oliguria,
baja saturación venosa central de oxígeno, hiperlactatemia), a fin de garantizar un diagnóstico más completo. Dentro de las causas de la
hemorragia obstetricia son a: “inercia o atonía uterina, que suele relacionarse con sobredistensión uterina (embarazo múltiple), infección
uterina, ciertos medicamentos, trabajo de parto prolongado, inversión uterina y retención placentaria. Otras causas tienen que ver con
laceraciones del canal del parto o rotura uterina, ablación genital femenina, con defectos de coagulación, desprendimiento prematuro
de placenta, muerte fetal, embolismo amniótico y sepsis. El diagnóstico diferencial del sangrado en el primer trimestre debe incluir varie-
dades de aborto (amenaza de aborto, aborto incompleto o completo, aborto retenido), embarazo ectópico y enfermedad del trofoblasto.
El manejo inicial de la hemorragia obstétrica se basa en la identificación y la corrección de la causa que lo origina. La histerectomía es
sugerida en casos donde la atonía uterina son las anormalidades de placentación. Continúa siendo la opción de control de sangrado
para salvar la vida de la paciente. La incidencia de cesárea histerectomía ha incrementado no por hemorragia post parto sino básicamen-
te por anomalías de presentación placentaria. Las complicaciones obstétrico-ginecológicas asociadas a la ablación estudiadas: mayor
riesgo de infecciones durante el embarazo, problemas durante el parto: el tejido cicatricial derivado de la intervención sobre el
perineo de estas mujeres genera una menor elasticidad de la zona, complicaciones fetales: la obstrucción de la región vaginal de
las mujeres infibuladas, y el trabajo de parto prolongado, daño en el tejido genital ocasionado por el corte, su contaminación
microbiana intrínseca, crea un riesgo de infecciones vaginales. Se aplicó una metodología descriptiva, con un enfoque documental,
es decir, revisar fuentes disponibles en la red, con contenido oportuno y relevante para dar respuesta a lo tratado en el presente artículo.
Palabras clave: Ablación, Hemorragias, Infección, Infertilidad, Histerectomía, Sangrado, Mutilación, Útero, Canal de Parto.
ABSTRACT
Severe obstetric hemorrhage is considered when vaginal bleeding exceeds 1,000 ml, the contraction of the uterus being the primary
mechanism for hemorrhage control. The operational definition should consider all women with excessive genital bleeding after child-
birth and the appearance of signs and symptoms of hypovolemia and hemodynamic instability (hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, low
central venous oxygen saturation, hyperlactatemia), in order to guarantee a diagnosis. more complete. Among the causes of obstetric
hemorrhage are: “uterine inertia or atony, which is usually related to uterine overdistention (multiple pregnancy), uterine infection, certain
medications, prolonged labor, uterine inversion and placental retention. Other causes have to do with lacerations of the birth canal or uter-
ine rupture, female genital cutting, coagulation defects, placental abruption, fetal death, amniotic embolism and sepsis. The differential
diagnosis of first trimester bleeding should include varieties of abortion (threatened abortion, incomplete or complete abortion, missed
abortion), ectopic pregnancy, and trophoblast disease. The initial management of obstetric hemorrhage is based on the identification and
correction of the cause that originates it. Hysterectomy is suggested in cases where uterine atony is due to placental abnormalities. It
continues to be the bleeding control option to save the patient's life. The incidence of cesarean hysterectomy has increased not because
of postpartum hemorrhage but basically because of abnormalities of placental presentation. The obstetric-gynecological complications
associated with the ablation studied: increased risk of infections during pregnancy, problems during childbirth: the scar tissue derived
from the intervention on the perineum of these women generates less elasticity in the area, fetal complications: obstruction of the vaginal
region of infibulated women, and prolonged labor, damage to the genital tissue caused by the cut, its intrinsic microbial contamination,
creates a risk of vaginal infections. A descriptive methodology was applied, with a documentary approach, that is, reviewing sources
available on the network, with timely and relevant content to respond to what is discussed in this article.
Keywords: Ablation, Hemorrhage, Infection, Infertility, Hysterectomy, Bleeding, Mutilation, Uterus, Birth Canal.
RESUMO
Severe obstetric hemorrhage is considered when vaginal bleeding exceeds 1,000 ml, the contraction of the uterus being the primary me-
chanism for hemorrhage control. The operational definition should consider all women with excessive genital bleeding after childbirth and
the appearance of signs and symptoms of hypovolemia and hemodynamic instability (hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, low central ve-
nous oxygen saturation, hyperlactatemia), in order to guarantee a diagnosis. more complete. Among the causes of obstetric hemorrhage
are: “uterine inertia or atony, which is usually related to uterine overdistention (multiple pregnancy), uterine infection, certain medications,
prolonged labor, uterine inversion and placental retention. Other causes have to do with lacerations of the birth canal or uterine rupture, fe-
male genital cutting, coagulation defects, placental abruption, fetal death, amniotic embolism and sepsis. The differential diagnosis of first
trimester bleeding should include varieties of abortion (threatened abortion, incomplete or complete abortion, missed abortion), ectopic
pregnancy, and trophoblast disease. The initial management of obstetric hemorrhage is based on the identification and correction of the
cause that originates it. Hysterectomy is suggested in cases where uterine atony is due to placental abnormalities. It continues to be the
bleeding control option to save the patient's life. The incidence of cesarean hysterectomy has increased not because of postpartum he-
morrhage but basically because of abnormalities of placental presentation. The obstetric-gynecological complications associated with the
ablation studied: increased risk of infections during pregnancy, problems during childbirth: the scar tissue derived from the intervention
on the perineum of these women generates less elasticity in the area, fetal complications: obstruction of the vaginal region of infibulated
women, and prolonged labor, damage to the genital tissue caused by the cut, its intrinsic microbial contamination, creates a risk of vaginal
infections. A descriptive methodology was applied, with a documentary approach, that is, reviewing sources available on the network, with
timely and relevant content to respond to what is discussed in this article.
Palavras-chave: Ablação, Hemorragia, Infecção, Infertilidade, Histerectomia, Sangramento, Mutilação, Útero, Canal de Nascimento.