Relación del gen NFKB1 con periodontitis
Resumen
En la periodontitis como resultado de la respuesta inmune frente a los microorganismos orales, se produce la destrucción del tejido de soporte dental, lo que eventualmente conduce a la formación de bolsas periodontales, resorción ósea alveolar y pérdida de dientes. No solamente los factores ambientales y genéticos modulan la progresión de la enfermedad periodontal, sino que, además, también influye en dicha peculiaridad la inmunidad del paciente. Es así, que el factor genético provoca una susceptibilidad variable en la población, favoreciendo al desarrollo de formas agresivas de periodontitis o resistencia al tratamiento periodontal, lo que provoca la pérdida irreversible del soporte óseo y finalmente la exfoliación prematura de las piezas dentarias. El presente artículo se ha elaborado mediante la recopilación y análisis de la literatura, en su gran mayoría se ha investigado en la base de datos PubMed, EBSCO y Cochrane debido a su relevancia. Se incluyeron estudios experimentales y revisiones sistemáticas o bibliográficas, realizados en humanos y animales, a nivel de América, Europa y África, publicados desde el año 1990 hasta la actualidad, publicados en inglés, español y alemán. Mediante el presente estudio se estableció la relación del gen NFKB1 con la Periodontitis y su proceso inflamatorio, dato que permitiría implementar el uso de una prueba genética al momento de tratar pacientes con enfermedad periodontal destructiva o recurrente que no reaccionan adecuadamente a los tratamientos periodontales convencionales. Proponiendo así un nuevo enfoque en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad periodontal.
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Derechos de autor 2022 María Eugenia Paredes Herrera, María José Cano Espinoza
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