Fundamentos en el uso actual de los beta-bloqueadores como tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial
Resumen
Este estudio se enfoca en el uso contemporáneo de los betabloqueantes como herramientas terapéuticas en el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial, con una atención particular en los antagonistas de los receptores adrenérgicos beta 1. Objetivo: Proporcionar una evaluación actualizada y exhaustiva de los fundamentos que respaldan el uso de los betabloqueantes en la gestión de la hipertensión, y cotejar su eficacia y seguridad con otros agentes antihipertensivos. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un análisis retrospectivo descriptivo a través de una revisión sistemática de literatura. Se implementó una búsqueda comprensiva en diversas bases de datos, incluyendo LILACS, Cochrane, PubMed, Web Of Science, Scopus y ELSEVIER, utilizando palabras clave relevantes: Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos Beta 1, Hipertensión, Tratamiento Farmacológico, y Usos Terapéuticos. Resultados: A pesar de una eficacia en la reducción de la presión arterial comparable a otros agentes antihipertensivos, los betabloqueantes demostraron una efectividad menor en la prevención de eventos cardiovasculares y la reducción de la morbimortalidad, en contraste con medicamentos como los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA) y los antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina II (ARA II). Se observaron también efectos secundarios, entre ellos la fatiga, mareos y disfunción sexual. Conclusiones: Los betabloqueantes pueden seguir siendo una alternativa terapéutica viable en la gestión de la hipertensión, particularmente en pacientes con enfermedades cardíacas coexistentes, como la enfermedad coronaria y la insuficiencia cardíaca. No obstante, la selección de estos agentes debe estar fundamentada en una evaluación individual del paciente, teniendo en cuenta los posibles efectos adversos. Implicaciones: Este estudio amplía el conocimiento sobre la eficacia y seguridad de los betabloqueantes en el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial, proporcionando información valiosa para la práctica clínica y orientando investigaciones futuras en el campo de la hipertensión arterial.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Kenia Yulexi Ajila Espinoza, Jaime Jair Solano Muñoz, Roberto Eduardo Aguirre Fernández
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