Relación entre el control glucémico y el riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26820/recimundo/9.(2).abril.2025.405-420Palabras clave:
Diabetes tipo 2, Control glucémico, Riesgo cardiovascular, HbA1c, Revisión sistemáticaResumen
Introducción. La diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) representa una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial, siendo el control glucémico un factor clave en la prevención de complicaciones cardiovasculares. Objetivo. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre el control glucémico y el riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con DM2, con el fin de aportar evidencia clínica relevante que oriente intervenciones terapéuticas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices del modelo PRISMA 2020. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y ScienceDirect, incluyendo estudios publicados entre 2000 y 2025. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión/exclusión centrados en estudios observacionales y ensayos clínicos que evaluaran parámetros de control glucémico (HbA1c) y su asociación con eventos cardiovasculares. Resultados. La calidad metodológica se evaluó mediante herramientas como NOS y Cochrane Risk of Bias. De 1.242 artículos inicialmente identificados, 27 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de los estudios evidenció que un mal control glucémico (HbA1c >7%) se asocia con un aumento significativo del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, infarto de miocardio y mortalidad por causa cardíaca. Algunos estudios sugieren que una reducción moderada y sostenida de HbA1c mejora los desenlaces cardiovasculares. Conclusiones. El control glucémico estricto en pacientes con DM2 se relaciona de forma consistente con un menor riesgo cardiovascular. Estos hallazgos respaldan estrategias de monitoreo y tratamiento personalizado. La presente revisión contribuye a consolidar la evidencia sobre la importancia del control metabólico en la prevención de complicaciones macrovasculares.Descargas
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Derechos de autor 2025 Emilio José Martínez Benítez, Carlos César Martínez Benitez, Heydi María Estrada Milian, Fernando Alberto Martínez Florencia
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