Efecto de las vacunas del COVID-19 en la salud pública. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26820/recimundo/8.(3).julio.2024.207-226Keywords:
Vacunas COVID-19, Salud pública, Efectividad, Revisión sistemática, PRISMAAbstract
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha provocado una crisis sanitaria a nivel mundial, lo que ha resaltado la necesidad de una vacunación masiva para disminuir la carga de morbilidad y mortalidad asociada al virus. Esta revisión sistemática examina el impacto de las vacunas contra COVID-19 en la salud pública, enfocándose en su efectividad para reducir casos graves, hospitalizaciones y muertes, así como su influencia en la transmisión del virus. El objetivo principal fue evaluar el efecto de las vacunas COVID-19 en la salud pública, a través de un análisis sistemático de estudios que reportan resultados sobre efectividad, seguridad y efectos a nivel poblacional. La búsqueda y selección de estudios se llevó a cabo siguiendo las pautas de PRISMA, en bases de datos como PubMed y Scopus. Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2024, que analizaron los efectos de las vacunas en la población general y en grupos específicos. Los estudios fueron seleccionados y evaluados según criterios de calidad y relevancia. Se incluyeron 17 estudios que resaltaron la efectividad de las vacunas en la disminución de la incidencia de casos graves y hospitalizaciones en las poblaciones vacunadas. Los resultados indican una reducción significativa en la transmisión comunitaria y el impacto de variantes emergentes. Sin embargo, se identifican limitaciones en la efectividad a largo plazo y la respuesta a nuevas variantes. Las vacunas contra COVID-19 han demostrado ser una herramienta eficaz para reducir la carga de la enfermedad y han contribuido de manera significativa a la recuperación de los sistemas de salud pública. A pesar de esto, es necesario un seguimiento continuo para evaluar la durabilidad de la inmunidad y la efectividad frente a variantes.Downloads
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