Migraña vestibular en la infancia. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26820/recimundo/8.(4).diciembre.2024.4-17Keywords:
Migraña vestibular, Pediatría, Vértigo, Trastornos migrañosos, Revisión sistemáticaAbstract
El objetivo general de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia, características clínicas, métodos diagnósticos y posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la migraña vestibular en la población pediátrica mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Con este fin se llevó a cabo una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, siguiendo la guía PRISMA. Se incluyeron estudios publicados desde 2000 hasta 2024 que evaluaran migraña vestibular en niños (de 0 a 10 años), excluyendo artículos con datos insuficientes o en idiomas no disponibles. La selección inicial arrojó 485 artículos, de los cuales 23 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión tras revisión por duplicado. Los estudios revisados informaron que la prevalencia de migraña vestibular en niños varía entre el 18,7 % y el 27 %, dependiendo del diseño y población analizada. Las niñas presentan mayor predisposición con una relación de 1,5 a 5:1 frente a los niños. Los síntomas comunes incluyen cefalea migrañosa, vértigo episódico y náuseas, mientras que la falta de criterios diagnósticos unificados complica el diagnóstico. Entre las hipótesis fisiopatológicas, se destacan las alteraciones vasculares cerebrales y la inmadurez del sistema vestibular infantil. La migraña vestibular en la infancia es un trastorno subestimado y complejo de diagnosticar debido a la variabilidad de los síntomas y la ausencia de criterios estándar. Es fundamental el desarrollo de protocolos diagnósticos uniformes y estudios longitudinales que permitan una mejor comprensión de su prevalencia y fisiopatología.Downloads
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Copyright (c) 2024 Paula Andrea Quito Varas, Delcy Andreina Guanopatin Vargas, Víctor Daniel Barrezueta Espinoza, Carlos Adán Martín López
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