Análisis de los efectos secundarios del COVID-19. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26820/recimundo/9.(1).enero.2025.128-142Keywords:
COVID-19, Efectos secundarios, Revisión sistemática, Secuelas post-COVID-19, Complicaciones postinfecciosasAbstract
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha generado un impacto global sin precedentes, no solo en términos de mortalidad y colapso de los sistemas de salud, sino también por los efectos secundarios que afectan a la población sobreviviente. Estos efectos secundarios incluyen complicaciones físicas, psicológicas y sociales, cuya comprensión integral es crucial para guiar estrategias de recuperación postpandemia. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar de manera sistemática la literatura científica existente sobre los efectos secundarios asociados al COVID-19, identificando patrones comunes y áreas prioritarias de intervención. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA, abarcando bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, con un enfoque en estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2024. Se incluyeron investigaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas que abordaron complicaciones a corto y largo plazo en distintos grupos poblacionales. Los resultados revelaron que los efectos más prevalentes incluyen trastornos respiratorios persistentes, fatiga crónica, afectaciones neurológicas, y secuelas psicológicas como ansiedad y depresión. Además, se observó un impacto desproporcionado en comunidades vulnerables, exacerbando inequidades preexistentes. En conclusión, esta revisión destaca la necesidad de implementar programas integrales de seguimiento y rehabilitación, así como políticas públicas que aborden las secuelas del COVID-19 desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de una planificación a largo plazo para mitigar las consecuencias del COVID-19 en la salud global.Downloads
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